II)Cr2+ is reducing agent as its configuration changes from d4 to d3, when it is oxidized to Cr3+ .The d3 configuration have a half-filled t2g level which is very stable. On the other hand, the reduction of Mn3+ to Mn2+ results in the half-filled (d5) configuration which has extra stability hence Mn3+ acts as oxidizing agent.

conceptualizing the truth,in hegel's term. A lot of philosophers(like descartes' three kinds of ideas) in his time (and a lot of mindfulness practitioners these days)believed a higher form of truth(or knowledge) exists which cannot be articulated but is to be intuited and felt.Hegel didnt consider this to be scientific.you can never know if your intuition is true or its just you making the stuff up.

Well, the propagation of light is fundamentally due to oscillation of electric field and magnetic field perpendicularly, which allows the light waves to propagate in the direction perpendicular to both the existing fields, i.e. light waves propagation solely depends on these fields.

But, sound waves are non other than the transference of energy due to disturbance, as well the propagation of sound wave has already been found to be adiabatic in nature, and through the adiabatic equation,...