The stage of cell division in which paired homologous chromosomes get shortened and thickened is prophase I of meiosis. During this stage, the chromosomes condense and become visible as distinct structures, allowing for the homologous chromosomes to pair up and exchange genetic material through a process called crossing over. The shortening and thickening of the chromosomes during prophase I is important for proper alignment and separation of the homologous chromosomes during subsequent...

It is theoretically possible for a substance to have a negative value of cubical expansivity, which means that the substance would contract rather than expand when the temperature increases. However, it is very rare for a substance to have a negative value of cubical expansivity over a significant range of temperatures.

One example of a substance that has a negative value of cubical expansivity over a limited range of temperatures is water. Water has a positive value of cubical expansivity at...

The foods we eat, the air we breathe, cleaning chemicals, our emotions and literally every object that we can see or touch, love, jealousy, infatuation and all share in chemistry. For all living things to function and survive, their bodies perform various chemical processes.