In mitosis, the prophase is further understood by dividing it into the given sub-stages:

1.Leptotene :

In this stage the nucleus enlarges in size in the chromosome. The chromosomes appear thin, thread-like and single-stranded in this stage. They have swollen or beaded structures along their length and their ends appear converged towards one side of the nucleus called bouquet.

2.Zygotene:

In this stage, the identical chromosomes come together and form bivalent or homologous pairs. Further, ...

The stage of cell division in which paired homologous chromosomes get shortened and thickened is prophase I of meiosis. During this stage, the chromosomes condense and become visible as distinct structures, allowing for the homologous chromosomes to pair up and exchange genetic material through a process called crossing over. The shortening and thickening of the chromosomes during prophase I is important for proper alignment and separation of the homologous chromosomes during subsequent...

1.ans:  No the tension in the string of a simple pendulum is not constant throughout the motion                                     

v is velocity of the bob and theta is the angle made by the string with vertical axis.

as v and θ both are variable T is also variable.

T is maximum at mean position as at mean position v is max and the angle is minimum.

2.ans: If the amplitude of the simple...